Kubernetes Installation Step By Step

Kubernetes Installation on Ubuntu 22.04 LTS

Disable Swap (All Nodes)

To enhance Kubernetes performance, disable swap and set essential kernel parameters. Run the following commands on all nodes to disable all swaps:

sudo swapoff -a

sed -i '/ swap / s/^/#/' /etc/fstab

Add Kernel Parameters (All Nodes)

Load the required kernel modules on all nodes:

sudo tee /etc/modules-load.d/containerd.conf <<EOF
overlay
br_netfilter
EOF

sudo modprobe overlay
sudo modprobe br_netfilter

Configure the critical kernel parameters for Kubernetes using the following:

sudo tee /etc/sysctl.d/kubernetes.conf <<EOF
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
EOF

sudo sysctl --system

Install Container Runtime - Containerd (All Nodes)

We are using the containerd runtime. Install containerd and its dependencies with the following commands:

sudo apt-get install -y apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl gpg

Enable the Docker repository:

sudo curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo gpg --dearmour -o /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/docker.gpg

sudo add-apt-repository "deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable"

Update the package list and install containerd:

sudo apt update
sudo apt install -y containerd.io

Configure containerd to start using systemd as cgroup:

containerd config default | sudo tee /etc/containerd/config.toml >/dev/null 2>&1

sudo sed -i 's/SystemdCgroup \= false/SystemdCgroup \= true/g' /etc/containerd/config.toml

Restart and enable the containerd service:

sudo systemctl restart containerd
sudo systemctl enable containerd

Add Apt Repository for Kubernetes (all nodes)

curl -fsSL https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/v1.30/deb/Release.key | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/kubernetes-apt-keyring.gpg

echo 'deb [signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/kubernetes-apt-keyring.gpg] https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/v1.30/deb/ /' | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list

Update the apt package index, install kubelet, kubeadm and kubectl, and pin their version:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl
sudo apt-mark hold kubelet kubeadm kubectl